【转】AJHB: 通古斯语人群的父系起源：基于更新的Y染色体单倍群C2a-M86谱系树的见解

American Journal of Human Biology, Online: 12 July 2020.

Paternal origin of Tungusic‐speaking populations: Insights from the updated phylogenetic tree of Y‐chromosome haplogroup C2a‐M86

Abstract     

Objectives     

       Haplogroup C2a‐M48 is the predominant paternal lineage of Tungusic‐speaking populations, one of the largest population groups in Siberia. Up until now, the origins and dispersal of Tungusic‐speaking populations have remained unclear. In this study, the demographic history of Tungusic‐speaking populations was explored using the phylogenetic analysis of haplogroup C2a‐M86, the major subbranch of C2a‐M48.
     通古斯语人群是西伯利亚地区最大的人群集团之一，其主流父系类型是C2a-M48。迄今为止，通古斯语人群的早期起源和扩散历史仍不清晰。本文中，通过对C2a-M48的主要支系C2a-M86进行谱系结构分析，我们讨论了通古斯语人群的群体演化历史。

Materials and methods   

    In total, 18 newly generated Y chromosome sequences from C2a‐M48 males and 20 previously available Y‐chromosome sequences from this haplogroup were analyzed. A highly revised phylogenetic tree of haplogroup C2a‐M86 with age estimates was reconstructed. Frequencies of this lineage in the literature were collected and a comprehensive analysis of this lineage in 13 022 individuals from 245 populations in Eurasia was performed.
     总共分析了18个新测试的序列和20个此前文献公布的序列。我们构建了带有年代标尺的精细的谱系树。我们从此前发表的文献中总结了父系C2a-M48在欧亚大陆245个人群、13 022个个体中的频率数据。
Results                     

      The distribution map of C2a‐M48 indicated the most probable area of origin and diffusion route of this paternal lineage in North Eurasia. Most C2a‐M86 samples from Tungusic‐speaking populations belonged to the sublineage C2a‐F5484, which emerged about 3300 years ago. We identified six unique sublineages corresponding to the Manchu, Evenks, Evens, Oroqen, and Daurpopulations; these sublineages diverged gradually over the past 1900 years. Notably, we observed a clear north‐south dichotomous structure for sublineages derived from C2a‐F5484, consistent with the internal north‐south divergence of Tungusic languages and ethnic groups.
     父系单倍群C2a-M48的分布图显示这个父系在欧亚大陆北部的可能起源地区和可能扩散路径。来自通古斯语人群的绝大部分样本都属距今3.3千年前诞生的下游支系C2a-F5484。我们在满族、鄂温克族、埃文人、鄂伦春人和达斡尔族样本中识别出了几乎分别为这些族群所特有的六个下游支系。这些支系在过去的1900年中逐渐分化。值得注意，我们在支系C2a-F5484之下观察到了清晰的南北二分结构，与通古斯语族诸语言和通古族语人群的南北分化一致。

Conclusions

       We identified the important founding paternal haplogroup, C2a‐F5484, for Tungusic‐speaking populations as well as numerous unique subgroups of this haplogroup. We propose that the timeframe for the divergence of C2a‐F5484 corresponds with the early differentiation of ancestral Tungusic‐speaking populations.
    我们为通古斯语人群识别出了重要的奠基者父系类型C2a-F5484，同时了识别出了多个族群特异的多个下游支系。我们主张，奠基者父系C2a-F5484的演化时间框架与通古斯语人群始祖群体及其语言的早期演化密切相关。


发表及附件：https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ajhb.23462